Stalin Nep and the First Five Year Plan - 3321 Words

Before the nation of Russia became the international powerhouse that we knew as the USSR, it was first the small backwater country, whose economy ran on the use of serfs, Czar s ruled every aspect, and the chance of growth was limited; however, once the year 1917 came along, the entire aspect of what was to be the Russia nation changed into a very strange and new one, called the United of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet Union was, at one point, second only to the United States of America and had the power to destroy the entire planet with the single acknowledgement of their leader, because of their nuclear capabilities and their political power. The Russian country became the great Communist powerhouse after a great revolution in†¦show more content†¦After the experiment with the New Economic Policy was tested for almost seven years, it was decided that it would be ended, due to the ever growing need for faster and better development of the Soviet economy, technolog y and industrialization. The NEP was primarily used to bring the nation out of a deep economic and social trough, which had killed millions of people, because of famines and revolts. While the Marxist-Communist idea was indeed kept throughout the entire endeavor, capitalism was brought back into the economic side of Russia; it was felt that the NEP would be Building Socialism with Capitalist Hands , though the idea of using any form of capitalist ideas or practices would explicitly go against the Marxist, communist and socialist policies, that was the main feeling behind many of the leading Soviets at the time. As despised as the idea of using Capitalist values in a Communist nation, certain problems incurred the leaders to go even farther away from the policy of the New Economic Policy: the hyper-inflation and the Scissors Crisis. During the beginning of the new policy, the economy was almost about to collapse and the prices especially those contributing to agriculture, were absurdly high, causing the government to change their money policy to one of a Gold standard, or a chervonets. The new policies on money gave a small reprieve to the ever growing inflation problem, though it also caused difficulties in wage payments at factories,Show MoreRelatedThe Soviet Union Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesinstated the New Economic Plan (NEP). The New Economic Plan gave the opportunity for the farmers or peasants to produce their crops for profit; in the years that followed, some of these farmers were prosperous after the implementation of the NEP. Unfortunately, Stalin abandoned the NEP and replac ed it with the Five Year Plan, he also justified the collectivization of Agriculture and lastly Stalin’s statism had an impact on Russian History. As previously stated, the NEP gave the opportunity for theRead MoreVladimir Lenin Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesdemanded a revolution against the Provisional Government as soon as possible. In November 1917, under the leadership of Lenin and Trotsky, the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional government, beginning the era of Communist rule in Russia. Stalin played no real part in the events of the revolution. The revolution was the result of detailed Bolshevik planning, and of the failures and weaknesses of the Provisional government. Lenin knew that there was enough discontent amongst theRead MoreCentral Planning Of The Soviet Union785 Words   |  4 Pagestransparency to the Soviet Government. Additionally, Gorbachev wanted to enable greater freedom in areas such as media, individual ideology, and religion. New Economic Policy (NEP) New Economic Policy is a term that traces back to the letter, which Lenin received from an acquaintance named, Nikolai Rozhkov. The goal of NEP was to replace the failing economic approach known as War Communism. It was also intended to provide the Soviet Union with a taste of capitalism, with the intent of later introducingRead MoreLenins Economic Policies1093 Words   |  5 PagesNew economic policy (NEP) NEP era advertizement It was an idea based on ambition and imagination; an idea that worked so well, it managed to drag an entire country out of starvation and chaos and drive it onto the road to quick economic and industrial recovery. It created capitalism in a socialist state and cabaret-style debauchery under a military-communist regime. And like many other great yet paradoxical projects, perhaps, the Soviet Union’s New Economic Policy of the 1920s was too visionaryRead More Joseph Stalin vs. Maximilien Robespierre Essays510 Words   |  3 PagesRevolution. Stalin is known as one of Russia’s greatest leaders. There are many differences and similarities in each of their reigns as leaders. Both used economic plans and total war effort as a campaign to further there revolution. Stalin and Robespierre used their revolutions, however, through terror Stalin remained true to his revolution but Robespierre betrayed his. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stalin had an ingenious plan to help his country’s economy get back on track. He called this plan the FiveRead MoreStalins Five Year Plans Made Ussr Stronger. Agree or Disagree1212 Words   |  5 Pagess By 1941, Stalin’s Five Year Plans had made the USSR stronger. Explain why you agree or disagree with this view? (24 marks) By 1941 Stalin had used the five year plans to strengthen his position as leader of the USSR, however the society as a whole was weaker. There were both advantages and disadvantages to the three five year plans: The five year plans were disorganised, there was difficulties with managers, it created a quicksand society and living standards were deprived. It did howeverRead MoreStalinist Revolution Essay1761 Words   |  8 PagesRevolution began in 1928 when Stalin took power in the Soviet Union. After the death of Lenin in 1924, the USSR was left without a leader. Many Bolsheviks figured that individuals such as Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, or Stalin would fill the vacancy left by Lenin. At the time of Lenin’s death, Stalin held an office known as the General Secretariat. In this position, Stalin was in charge of selecting new members for admittance into the Bolshevik Party. This allowed Stalin to control membership inRead MoreCompare and contrast the economic policie s of Lenin and Stalin and evaluate their success.1782 Words   |  8 PagesCompare and contrast the economic policies of Lenin and Stalin and evaluate their success. Comparing Lenin and Stalin one finds that both were following a communist ideal but what is the communist ideal? The main principal is to share a countrys wealth amongst its people. This is the theoretical side of the communist idea; the practical side requires a careful planning of the countrys economy and also a system that makes sure that everybody is treated equally. When Lenin and the communist partyRead MoreThe Three Major Philosophies Established During the 1900s Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesmoderate reforms such as higher wages, increased suffrage, and social welfare. Communism was promoted by Lenin, his successor, and Stalin. Lenin developed the New Economic Policy, or NEP. Lenin just saw the New Economic Policy as a temporary retreat from communism. His successor put the Soviet Union back on the road to â€Å"pure† communism. Stalin developed Five-Year Plans while the Soviet Union developed a command economy, where the government made all basic economic decisions. A command economy is communistRead MoreThe Ideology And The Policies Adopted By Stalin906 Words   |  4 Pagesideology and the policies adopted by Stalin, based on centralization, totalitarianism, and the pursuit of communism. Before Stalin there was Lenin, who put into effect the New Economic Policy. He acknowledge that the ideology of communism, which called for the abolition of private property, private ownership, and the destruction of the free market. New Economic Policy also known as NEP is the state that maintains its centralized control over the economy. NEP allowed peasants to use their land as

The Four Theories of Government Free Essays

Akira Simmons 3/5/09 Government There were fourdifferent theories of governments, the force theory, the evolutionary rule, the divine right theory, and social contract theory. The Force theory was when one person or group of people gained control of the area and forced others to submit to their rule. The evolutionary Rule basically said that the states would develop naturally out of family clans, tribes, ect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Four Theories of Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now The divine right theory said that the state was created by God and God gave people of royal birth the â€Å"divine right to rule†. The social contract theory was created by Thomas Hobbes and he believed that before the state people were British. People lived poorly and to improve their lives people could enter into a social contract where a superior person would rule over the rest. None of these four different theories of governments would be a best fit for the United States today. The force theory should not be a government for the United States. A dictator or a group of dictators would make all decisions and there would be no rights for U. S. citizens. The people would have no say and would not be able to vote on anything. The dictator would have all control. In the United States today, we do not use the force theory, but rather a democracy. The Force theory would not be best fit for the United States because with one person having all control, the people of the United States would not have a government that would not be able to exercise their amendments. The evolutionary Rule would also not be a best fit for the United States because in the evolutionary rule, there is no one with control. There would be no form of government and the states would be separate depending on what family you were born into. The area the family clan or tribe originated from would become part of that state. The states would develop naturally rather than families moving throughout each state. This theory would not be a best fit for the United States because there would be no form of government and the families would be born into a state. The divine right theory is mostly based on religion and would not be a good way to govern in the United States because people practice different religions. God gave people of the royal birth the â€Å"divine right to rule†, but not all people believe in the same religion or God. Not only would religion be an issue but also the royal family factor. In the United States, there are no royal families, but there are wealthy, middle class, and the low class. The â€Å"divine right to rule† is not used in the United States because of the different religions. This theory would not be best fit for the United States because the United States does not rule based on religion and there are no royal families. The Social contract theory was created by Thomas Hobbes and he basically stated that the state people were British. People were poor and to improve their lives people would enter into a social contract where one superior person ruled over the rest. This would not be a best fit form of government for the United States today because not everybody lives poor in every state. Each state has a different group of lower class, middle class, and upper class. This also would not be good government for the U. S. because with one superior person ruling there would be no democracy. The United States does not use the social contract today because of these reasons. The four theories of forms of government were all different from one another. These theories are should not be used in the United States today because it’s a different time from when these theories were created. They also should not be used in the U. S. today because there are different reasons the theories would not work in the U. S. How to cite The Four Theories of Government, Papers

Cloud Computind Solutions for System Analysis- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCloud Computind Solutionsfor System Analysis and Design. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing is a type of the internet based computing which provides shared computer processing resources as well as data to the computers as well as other devices on the demand. The cloud computing is the new way to which the computing resource as well as the services could be delivered (Kaur Chana, 2014). Many researcher believe the use of the cloud computing solutions could help in the improvement of the health services, research and the change to the face to how the information technology is delivered in the healthcare. The use of the cloud computing in the commonwealth government Australia should be evaluated before it could be adopted. The issues such as slower as well as ineffective data management system have caused the need for implementation of the cloud-based solution in this organization. The cloud based solution will provided systematic data system, which will help in the management of the data and prevent issues related to breach of the data (Kuo, 2011). The common wealth organization was affected by the inefficiency particularly on their data management, which affected it especially with the increase in the number of patients, there was issue of the security threat where data was hacked in the healthcare system via methods such as spoofing, and the DDoS attack (Kuo, 2011). The use of the modern cloud based solution would enable them to overhaul the paper work based tasks and to help to serve the patients more efficiently (Kaur Chana, 2014). The purpose of this report is to highlight some practical references to the cloud based solution to the problem they are facing to enable them implement My Health Record system which is based on cloud computing. This research will discuss non-functional requirements for example critical system qualities, interface of the system, user interface requirements and the constraints of the system. The basis of the program is based on the FURPS+ in order to enable concepts for example usability, performance, secu rity, and reliability are handled. Moreover, the research would review merits and demerits of the cloud dependent solution and look at both predictive and Adaptive SDLC method on their pros and cons and which to adopt for this organization. The non-functional requirements of application The non-functional requirements, which the report will focus on, are quality attributes, external interface and the design implementation constraints. Quality Attributes Delivering on the service is not good enough for most organization particularly when the service could have real time aspect on it. The key to the qualities of attributes would find provider, which could control as well as manage a lot of solution when it comes to the technology being implemented (Padhy, Patra Satapathy, 2012). It could also include the service technology, or even the networking equipment. The more the provider could control as well as manage on the program the better quality attribute it would be. The program should possess the preferred combination features such as dependability or perhaps the overall performance. System Interface When it comes to cloud-computing solution, the system interface is usually the shared boundary that is across the various subcomponents for example how the computer exchanges on the data (Padhy, Patra, Satapathy, 2012). The exchange could take place between the program, and the peripheral devices. System Constraints The functional system for the implementation of the new system in the organization should specify on what the new system will perform (Vaquero, Rodero-Merino, Caceres Lindner, 2008). The system constraints shows how the system will operate and on the building of the system (Sultan, 2014). The system will be operated on a twenty-four hours basis since the cloud-based system operate that way. The user Interface Requirements The user interface of the system provides on the entire product that could be configured. The product could be selected with ease and be configured (Sultan, 2014). The users will be able to update their configuration (details) and resolve the entire current configuration. The interface would be user friendly to enable each users to operate without any challenges. Use to the FURPS+ Usability This is all about how the program would meet the requirements of the users and the patients by being intuitive and it can result to the overall user experience (Soman, 2011). The system, which Commonwealth Government is implementing, would be inspected in order to determine if it meets the usability and make sure there are no problems relating to UI design. The system should not have any hang up errors, or even delays like the previous data management system the organization was having. Reliability This is all about if the system would have the ability of handling an increase in load of data without affecting on the performance of the system (Soman, 2011). My health record system should be able to accommodate all the patient data and would not have any niche to perform. In order to ensure reliability is ensured the system would be hosted on the private cloud infrastructure that the Commonwealth government would have control over it (Soman, 2011). This system will be operational overtime and would not fail to perform all its functionality. The process of bebugging process would be undertaken through use of the well-known statistical technique of Monte Carlo in any random event to ensure the system does not have more than x bugs. Performance Performance is all about the responsiveness of the system in executing of tasks assigned within a given interval. The performance is measured through the latency that looks at the time taken in response to a given event. My health record system since it a cloud-based application would depend on the internet for delivering of the data. Security Security of the data is the most vital part of the Common wealth government organization. Previously they had been victim of data breach. It is important to protect the information of the patient. The software they are intending to implement has been installed programs for encrypting of sensitive information (Lhr, Sadeghi Winandy, 2010). Further, there is installation of password, which is based on the finger print verification, and it is checked every hour. This system has been designed with security concern in the picture in order to prevent any cyber-attack vulnerabilities. Reviewing of the Cloud Based Review of Strengths and Weaknesses of Cloud Based Solutions Strengths On the strength of the cloud based solution is that of cost reduction. The cloud computing is able to eliminate on various conventional costs for example the hardware, paperwork, electrical bills or perhaps the information staff costs (Rodrigues, de la Torre, Fernndez Lpez-Coronado, 2013). Secondly the advantage of scalability. One pays for the service or perhaps the resources they have used, and one should not worry on the issue of the hardware as well as software upgrading since they grow along the business. Another strength is that of collaboration and accessibility. The theme of the internet on the cloud computing enable mobility as well as ease of access. The workers could collaborate easily without the boundaries of distance. Weaknesses The weaknesses could be issues such as the risk of unavailability. The chances of the vendor resources shutting down could be possible. One has to wait for the service to come back since there is no alternative. Secondly could be the issue of data authenticity (Rodrigues, de la Torre, Fernndez Lpez-Coronado, 2013). As a result of the limitation of not being physically present at the time alongside your data, safeguarding on its authenticity as well as validity could be limited to an individual. Predictive SDLCApproach on Pros and Cons This predictive model is for examining the existing information and the trends to be able to understand the customers. Pros The methodology is easy to use and an individual can be able to manage the project since it rigid. The phases of undertaking the project are undertaken through the various intervals. Another advantage is that the requirement of the use of this technique can easily be understood. Cons The cons is if any adjustment of the scope would be done, it could kill the project. Further, the technique could not be appropriate especially where the requirement are at moderate to high risk. Adaptive approach Pros and Cons The use of this methodology it saves time since there is production of consistency especially on the interface design for the user. Another advantage it allows the early involvement of the customer during the project (Lhr, Sadeghi Winandy, 2010). Additionally, less time is taken especially in the both creation and production of the functional specifications. Cons The use of this methodology does not produce reusable codes as well as it lack a stopping point. Secondly, the use of this method the finished deliverable could vary from the original intention for the project. Recommendations The best approach to use for Commonwealth Government organization is the adaptive approach techniques. The use of this approach is easy to perform as well as the risk, which are involved in the project, could be reduced to realize the full potential for the project. The use of this approach allows the client to be involved early enough in the development of the application when the project commences. References Kaur, P. D., Chana, I. (2014). Cloud based intelligent system for delivering health care as a service. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 113(1), 346-359. Kuo, M. H. (2011). Opportunities and challenges of cloud computing to improve health care services. Journal of medical Internet research, 13(3), e67. Lhr, H., Sadeghi, A. R., Winandy, M. (2010, November). Securing the e-health cloud. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Health Informatics Symposium (pp. 220-229).ACM. Padhy, R. P., Patra, M. R., Satapathy, S. C. (2012). Design and implementation of a cloud based rural healthcare information system model. Univers J Appl Comput Sci Technol, 2(1), 149-157. Palvia, P., Nosek, J. T., Palvia, P., Nosek, J. T. (1990, May). An empirical evaluation of system development methodologies. In Managing information resources in the 1990s:proceedings of 1990 Information Resources Management Association international conference (p. 72). Rodrigues, J. J., de la Torre, I., Fernndez, G., Lpez-Coronado, M. (2013). Analysis of the security and privacy requirements of cloud-based electronic health records systems.Journal of medical Internet research, 15(8), e186. Soman, A. K. (Ed.). (2011). Cloud-Based Solutions for Healthcare IT. Science Publishers. Sultan, N. (2014). Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Information Management, 34(2), 177-184. Vaquero, L. M., Rodero-Merino, L., Caceres, J., Lindner, M. (2008). A break in the clouds: towards a cloud definition. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 39(1), 50-55.

THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL The Crisis In Historical Perspective

THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL: The Crisis in Historical Perspective American Foreign Policy November 30, 1994 In 1825, a group of American businesspeople announced the formation of a canal building company, with interests in constructing a canal system across the Isthmus. This project was to take place in an area now called Panama. The endeavor was filled with controversy. Though the canal itself was not built until the early 1900's every step toward the building and ownership, was saturated with difficulty. Walter LaFeber illustrates the dilemmas in a historical analysis. In his work he states five questions that address the significance of the Panama Canal to United States. This paper will discuss the historical perspective of the book's author, address pertinent three questions and give a critique of LaFeber's work, The Panama Canal. For proper historical analysis one must understand the importance of the Canal. The Panama Canal and the Canal Zone (the immediate area surroun ding the Canal) are important areas used for trade. Even before the canal was built there were to large ports on both sides of the Isthmus. Large amounts of cargo passed through the Isthmus by a railroad that connected the two ports. The most important cargo was the gold mined in California before the transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States. It has strategic significance because of its location, acting as a gateway connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This allows for rapid naval deployment between fleets in either ocean. These two facets make the Panama Canal very important in the region. LaFeber notes that Panamanian nationalism played a large role in the creation of the canal and, consequently, the cause for the area's constant instability. The first expression occurred in the late 1800's with Panamanian struggle for independence from Columbia. The United States eager to build the canal, and control its operation, used and backed Panamanian nationalist. During the Roosevelt administration, not only did the United States manipulate factors isolating Panama from other world powers through the Monroe Doctrine; but it committed troops aiding the revolutionaries against another sovereign state. The reason this is a surprise is because the Roosevelt administration normally held a position favoring stability. The United States had no legal right to use force against Columbia. Nationalism came back to haunt the United States. With the treaty signed and a 99-year lease given to the United States, the Canal was built. Since then, the United States has varied on its stance of ownership and the principles of sovereignty concerning the Canal. The ever persistent debate of who owns the Canal and who should have sovereign control over it, has not been solved. The United States has occasionally attempted to "claim" the Canal zone through various methods such as military occupation, exclusion of Panamanians for important jobs in Canal operations and even through the customary aspect of international law. However, each time the Panamanians have managed to maintain claim to the Canal despite the United State's imperialistic posturing to get it. The most recent and notorious of the United States' attempts to annex the Canal Zone was during the Reagan administration. President Reagan said that the Canal Zone could be equated as a sovereign territory equal to that of Alaska. The question here is, was he correct? LaFeber points out that, "the United States does not own the Zone or enjoy all sovereign rights in it." He uses the treaty of 1936 in Article III that states, "The Canal Zone is the territory of the Republic of Panama under the jurisdiction of the United States." The entire topic was summed up neatly by Ellsworth Bunker, a negotiator in the region, when he said, "We bought Louisiana; we bought Alaska. In Panama we bought not territory, but rights." A second important question, is the Canal a vital interest to the United States? LaFeber gives three points suggesting that it is not. First, the importance of the Canal decreased after 1974, because of the end of the Vietnam War and all related military traffic ceased. Second, is the age of the antique machinery dating back to 1914. Inevitably the machinery will need to be replaced. Lastly, the size of the new tankers and THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL The Crisis In Historical Perspective THE CRITIQUE OF THE PANAMA CANAL: The Crisis in Historical Perspective American Foreign Policy November 30, 1994 In 1825, a group of American businesspeople announced the formation of a canal building company, with interests in constructing a canal system across the Isthmus. This project was to take place in an area now called Panama. The endeavor was filled with controversy. Though the canal itself was not built until the early 1900's every step toward the building and ownership, was saturated with difficulty. Walter LaFeber illustrates the dilemmas in a historical analysis. In his work he states five questions that address the significance of the Panama Canal to United States. This paper will discuss the historical perspective of the book's author, address pertinent three questions and give a critique of LaFeber's work, The Panama Canal. For proper historical analysis one must understand the importance of the Canal. The Panama Canal and the Canal Zone (the immediate area surroun ding the Canal) are important areas used for trade. Even before the canal was built there were to large ports on both sides of the Isthmus. Large amounts of cargo passed through the Isthmus by a railroad that connected the two ports. The most important cargo was the gold mined in California before the transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States. It has strategic significance because of its location, acting as a gateway connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This allows for rapid naval deployment between fleets in either ocean. These two facets make the Panama Canal very important in the region. LaFeber notes that Panamanian nationalism played a large role in the creation of the canal and, consequently, the cause for the area's constant instability. The first expression occurred in the late 1800's with Panamanian struggle for independence from Columbia. The United States eager to build the canal, and control its operation, used and backed Panamanian nationalist. During the Roosevelt administration, not only did the United States manipulate factors isolating Panama from other world powers through the Monroe Doctrine; but it committed troops aiding the revolutionaries against another sovereign state. The reason this is a surprise is because the Roosevelt administration normally held a position favoring stability. The United States had no legal right to use force against Columbia. Nationalism came back to haunt the United States. With the treaty signed and a 99-year lease given to the United States, the Canal was built. Since then, the United States has varied on its stance of ownership and the principles of sovereignty concerning the Canal. The ever persistent debate of who owns the Canal and who should have sovereign control over it, has not been solved. The United States has occasionally attempted to "claim" the Canal zone through various methods such as military occupation, exclusion of Panamanians for important jobs in Canal operations and even through the customary aspect of international law. However, each time the Panamanians have managed to maintain claim to the Canal despite the United State's imperialistic posturing to get it. The most recent and notorious of the United States' attempts to annex the Canal Zone was during the Reagan administration. President Reagan said that the Canal Zone could be equated as a sovereign territory equal to that of Alaska. The question here is, was he correct? LaFeber points out that, "the United States does not own the Zone or enjoy all sovereign rights in it." He uses the treaty of 1936 in Article III that states, "The Canal Zone is the territory of the Republic of Panama under the jurisdiction of the United States." The entire topic was summed up neatly by Ellsworth Bunker, a negotiator in the region, when he said, "We bought Louisiana; we bought Alaska. In Panama we bought not territory, but rights." A second important question, is the Canal a vital interest to the United States? LaFeber gives three points suggesting that it is not. First, the importance of the Canal decreased after 1974, because of the end of the Vietnam War and all related military traffic ceased. Second, is the age of the antique machinery dating back to 1914. Inevitably the machinery will need to be replaced. Lastly, the size of the new tankers and

The Art of Writing the Perfect Formal Letter

The Art of Writing the Perfect Formal Letter Sometimes it seems like letter writing is a lost art form. Formal letters are becoming a rarity and have been replaced by all sorts of modern communication- from informal emails to texts to Snapchat. Even though we have come a long way technologically in communicating with each other, its still important to know the basics of writing a formal letter just in case there is an occasion for one. Learning the basics of writing a formal letter can also help us improve communication in the other, more modern ways of writing to each other. Here are some things to remember when you start to write your own formal letter.Why you would need to write a formal letterIn this day and age, you may be wondering why you would even need to write a formal letter. Though it may be a rare occasion in this digital era with its emphasis on abbreviations and getting everything into 140 characters or less, there are still a few times when letter-writing skills can come in handy. For example, in addition to cov er letters there are also grants and applications to universities or even certain jobs that may require a formal written letter, so you want to be prepared when those pop up.You could also write a letter if you have been using a product or service for many years and all of a sudden the product has changed and you become dissatisfied. Though social media is a quick way to get a companys attention, it may not have lasting imprint on them to affect change in the way you want.Another good reason to write a formal letter is if you read an article online or in a newspaper that you disagree with and want to let the editor know your thoughts. This formal letter is called a letter to the editor and often they get published in the publication, so you definitely want to ensure that it is well written and your thoughts are easily understandable.Lastly, you could also make your grandmas whole year by writing her a traditional letter and sending it in the mail, which is another very good reason t o know how to write one.Be professional in toneThe very first thing you need to keep in mind when writing a formal letter is to always be professional. Though you can be a little lax about spelling and grammar in emails or social media posts to friends, when you write a formal letter you want to make sure that everything is precise and accurate. Avoid using Internet jargon like LOL or idk. Always be respectful in your language, even if youre trying to convey disagreement or complain about a service or product. Using antagonistic language will never get your point across effectively and may tarnish any chance you have to work together with the person or company to fix the problem.Though its important to be professional, its also important to use language thats relatable. Just because a letter is formal doesnt mean that you need to use overly complicated words that are uncommon. You dont want your letter receiver to have to use a dictionary while reading it because your point may get lost in the midst. Be formal, but not too formal.The basics of the heading and salutationWhen you are writing a formal letter, the first thing you need to do is figure out who you are addressing. If you are writing a letter to the editor, for example, you need to address your letter to the editor-in-chief of the paper. If you are writing a cover letter, then you will need to address the hiring manager that was listed in the advertisement for the job.It is always best to do address a letter with the recipients name. In some cases you may find that you dont have a name to address to- especially in the case of applying blindly to a job advertisement where theres not much info about the hiring manager online. However, you should exhaust all efforts to find the recipients name so that your letter can appear more personal.Once you establish who you are writing the letter to, then you will need to set up a correct heading. Though getting the right heading may not seem all that important, i t establishes a rapport with your letter recipient. They know that youve taken the extra steps to get their information correct and will be more likely to read on in the body of the letter.Start out your heading with the senders address, but dont include your name. Below the two lines of your address, put todays date. After you have written out the senders address, put a space of one line and then enter the inside address, or the address of the person or company you are writing to. The inside address will include the recipients name, his or her title, company, and then address. If you are unsure if your recipient is a Miss or a Mrs., then it is always best to use Ms to avoid any embarrassing incidents. If you know that your recipient is a medical doctor or holds a PhD, then be sure to use Dr. before their name.After you have written the inside address, then you will need to write a formal salutation to start off the letter. It is standard to use Dear followed by the recipients name. Typically, if you are writing to someone you havent met then its appropriate to write their personal title (Miss, Ms., or Mr.) followed by their last name and then a colon. If you are unsure of a persons gender, then use their first and last name in both the inside address and the salutation.Heres an example of a heading with a proper salutation.Be concise in the body of the letterWhen you write a formal letter, write with purpose. It is likely that your recipient is a very busy person who doesnt have time to read a meandering letter. Know what purpose your letter serves and write about that and that only.After your salutation, skip a line and then start the body. In the first paragraph, give a brief introduction to who you are and why you are writing. After you have established those first important details, the rest of the letter body should be spent explaining what your business is and why they should know or care about it. Using facts and convincing language will undoubtedly be appreciated by your recipient. Be concise, use good language, and be sure to proofread and fact check everything you send in.Closing your letterOnce you have written the body of the letter and you feel you have gotten your business established and your point across with the recipient, then you will need to close it out. After the last body paragraph, skip one line to write the closing. There are many ways to do this, but the generally accepted lines are:Sincerely Yours,Best,Yours Sincerely,Looking forward to hearing from you,Respectfully,After the closing line, skip four lines and then write your full name to sign the letter.Small details to rememberIn addition to making sure your heading, salutation, body, closing, and signature are correct in your formal letter, you should also get the overall look of your letter to be professional as well. Use a standard font, such as Times New Roman, and a standard size, such as 12 point, for formal letters. Anything bigger will make it look li ke you are trying to take up space and anything smaller will make it difficult on your recipient to read.You should also make sure that your margins are a standard size (around 1 inch) and that you arent using double spaces between lines. Most business letters are left justified and use single spacing throughout, so be mindful of these aesthetic choices in your letter writing.Letter exampleThe following is an example of a formal letter, complete with heading and salutations.6872 Elm Ave.Toledo, OH 43601December 4, 2016Ms. Persephone JohnsonEditor-in-ChiefToledo Daily News456 Editor AvenueToledo, OH 43601Dear Ms. Johnson:I am writing to you today in response to the op-ed piece, Why You Should Absolutely Declaw Your Cat in Thursdays issue of the Daily News. As a longtime cat owner, I was very disturbed by the writers opinion of this delicate subject.Though declawing your cat may seem like the easiest way to prevent your home from being torn to shreds by your kittys claws, the truth is that this is an inhumane practice that many vets are starting to shy away from. To declaw a cat is to remove your kittys naturally given tools. This would be the equivalent of cutting off a humans fingers just so they wouldnt get into too much trouble.Cats without claws are unable to defend themselves against other animals and the surgery provides absolutely no medical benefit to them. The Humane Society is staunchly against declawing cats, except in the cases of medical emergencies such as tumors.Instead of declawing, cat owners should be patient with their feline companions when it comes to unwanted scratching. The truth is that scratching is a very natural behavior of cats, and should not be eradicated from their activities. The owner needs to instead redirect scratching from things like furniture or wood floors to toys and scratching posts. Cats typically scratch when they are bored, so as cat owners we need to make sure they are getting everything they need to live happy, fulf illed lives.This reader thinks that the writer of this piece should have more thoroughly checked her sources on declawing and the harm that it creates for cats.Respectfully,Gina DavisThe importance of letter writingWhether you are writing a letter to your prospective new boss, you are trying to get a donation for your business or nonprofit, or you are writing a letter to the editor at your local paper, its important to be accurate and confident in your writing. Paying attention to small details like getting the heading correct or using the right salutation will make your letter more credible in the eyes of the recipient. They will automatically assume that you are competent and professional, which will hopefully make them more receptive to what you have to say in the body of your letter.Before you send your letter off to your recipient, have someone look it over. Whether its a friend, colleague, a copy editor, or a teacher, its worth getting someone to proofread, provide suggestions on how to improve, and to get feedback on what you have written. Though the formal letter may not be as fun to write as a novel or an op-ed, its am important genre of writing that can accomplish a lot in just a few paragraphs.

Business Writing vs. Academic Writing

Business Writing vs. Academic Writing Recent college graduates often struggle with the difference between academic and business writing. The University of Houston’s Academic Center recently published a good article that delineated key differences: Writing at work focuses on problem solving. Work-related writing targets multiple audiences with different perspectives. Writing at work may be read by unknown readers. Writing produced at work can be used indefinitely and can be used in legal proceedings. The format for work documents varies greatly from the format for academic documents. There is one other very significant difference not listed in this article: business writing needs to be clear and concise. Academic writing, by contrast, is more often focused on development of thought, and length is encouraged. Students are often rewarded with higher grades if a paper is longer, uses an impressive vocabulary, and/or complex sentence structure. Business writing is different: one should write to express, not impress. This does not at all mean business writing should be â€Å"dumbed down.† Writing clean, short documents is harder. As Blaise Pascal wisely stated, â€Å"I’m sorry this letter is so long. I did not have time to make it shorter.†

Pathological liar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pathological liar - Research Paper Example Once a lie is told, there is no changing it, no taking it back, and no easy resolution to solving the problems that it creates.† If lying becomes habitual and chronic, the liar becomes known to have developed into a compulsive liar. This is differentiated from a pathological liar, which is the topic of this research. This research paper is aimed at presenting relevant factors surrounding a pathological liar. A brief description of this disorder would initially be presented. The characteristics of this personality disorder would also be enumerated, as well as any remedies which might be available. â€Å"an individual who habitually tells lies so exaggerated or bizarre that they are suggestive of mental disorder†. In a study which differentiates a pathological liar from a compulsive liar, a pathological liar is described as: â€Å"someone who lies incessantly to get their way and does so with little concern for others. Pathological lying is often viewed as coping mechanism developed in early childhood and it is often associated with some other type of mental health disorder. A pathological liar is often goal-oriented (i.e., lying is focused - it is done to get ones way). Pathological liars have little regard or respect for the rights and feelings of others. A pathological liar often comes across as being manipulative, cunning and self-centered.† (TruthAboutDeception.com 2009). On the other hand, the same study defined a compulsive liar as â€Å"someone who lies out of habit. Lying is their normal and reflexive way of responding to questions. Compulsive liars ben d the truth about everything, large and small. For a compulsive liar, telling the truth is very awkward and uncomfortable while lying feels right. Compulsive lying is usually thought to develop in early childhood, due to being placed in an environment where lying was necessary. For the most